How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can also affect adults. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can improve their life.
An evaluation for ADHD could involve a conversation with the person and family members. The specialist could look through old school records to determine whether the symptoms started in childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a condition that can affect school, work, and home life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organised at times. To be able to identify the disorder, someone must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly impair daily functioning. The symptoms must have been present for a minimum of six months.
To determine a diagnosis, a doctor will interview the patient regarding their symptoms and ask about their family history and medical conditions. They can also use rating systems to assess symptoms in children or adults. These types of questionnaires are typically based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Adults may be asked to talk with their significant other or someone they know well. This is not to question the patient's honesty, but to gain insight into their behavior that isn't gained from the answers to a questionnaire. It is also possible to inquire about childhood behavior and use old school records to see whether the signs started prior to the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct an extensive physical examination and run tests in the lab to rule out other conditions like thyroid problems or head injuries that could cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the patient's medication list. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments can interact with stimulants, and the doctor will take these into consideration when recommending treatment options. This is why it's important for adults to consult their primary care providers if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
For a person to be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in two or more settings (like home, school and at work) and significantly interfere with functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and can't be caused by a different disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A psychiatrist or a mental health professional will employ a variety of tools during the evaluation which include ADHD symptoms checklists, standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed history. They might also talk to family members or friends to find out what the symptoms have done to them. They will ask if the symptoms are similar to those of other mental health conditions or physical conditions.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the patient's medical and familial background to determine if there are any underlying causes for their issue like thyroid issues or head injuries.
In adhd diagnosis for adults may decide to conduct a cognitive test or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, including learning disabilities, mood disorders personality disorders, and addiction to drugs. People with these problems typically present differently than those who don't have them. For example, boys tend to exhibit hyperactivity symptoms, whereas girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in participating in an experiment in order to try out new treatments. While this is a great way to help further research, it is important for participants to understand that the main purpose of these studies is to acquire scientific knowledge and do not necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information on clinical trials, visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect that you might have ADHD seek out a specialist who is trained to identify the disorder. Make sure to check with your health insurance provider to find out if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also seek referrals from family doctors or other health care professionals. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good choice.
A doctor will inquire with the patient - or their parents in the case of children - about their issues. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in the patient's life for details like their spouses and families. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
Experts will also review any old school records, and especially old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of an individual. To be diagnosed, symptoms must have existed since the time of childhood (technically before age 12).
A physical exam is also conducted. It is also checked for any other medical issues that could cause symptoms, like thyroid problems or seizures. The specialist will typically conduct a neurological exam which tests for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, designed to measure the ability and intelligence of a person, could be utilized too. In addition the person could be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This could assist an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will then decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Treatment plans usually comprise therapy and medication. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can help adults and children learn healthy coping techniques and change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be done by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who specializes in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication. However, this is not the only treatment for the condition. Adults, teenagers and children can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or any combination of the two. click to investigate help them cope with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to live with these symptoms. They may also include psychoeducation, which is an education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can also involve family members, teachers and other professionals.
It's important to find a health care provider or mental health professional who has previous experience treating ADHD. You can ask others with ADHD for suggestions or a mental health provider you've met. You can also conduct an online search. It's best to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health care provider will ask you or your child about the symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for other health problems that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over your your child's medical history and family information, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V), which is primarily geared towards diagnosing children, has a more difficult to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about the symptoms and have other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and antidepressants. They work by boosting and balancing neurotransmitters in the brain.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, like anxiety or depression. This is why treatment should be based on therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients could benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps develop skills like time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also assist patients manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. Regular exercise can reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthier diet is important as well. People who suffer from ADHD tend eat more sugar and fat, and less fruit and vegetables. Lastly, making family and social relationships prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better recognize their issues. For instance, a child suffering from ADHD might have difficulty communicating their demands to peers and teachers however, once a teacher is aware that it's not personal or due to laziness accommodations can be provided.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are targeted towards the person's specific age, interview family and teachers, review medical records, and look for any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood school records could be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the specialist will likely look for hearing and vision issues. They may also do an analysis of blood to determine the presence of certain hormones and other health issues that could cause ADHD-like symptoms.